Ubuntu 20.04 LTS came out last month, and the official Docker repository supports it. The docker.io package in Ubuntu’s own archive works too, but Docker’s repository gets newer releases (19.03.8 at the moment).
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # log out and in again
docker run hello-world
Membership of the docker group is effectively root access on that machine, so add only people you would trust with root. On Windows 10 (2004 update) Docker Desktop can now use WSL 2 instead of a Hyper-V VM, which is lighter for local work.